Subduction zones are areas in the Earth's crust where two tectonic plates collide, with one plate being forced beneath the other and into the Earth's mantle. This process is known as subduction. Subduction zones are typically located near convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is sinking beneath another. This movement can cause earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges. Research in subduction zones often focuses on understanding the dynamics of plate tectonics, studying the geological and geophysical processes that occur when plates collide, and investigating the potential hazards associated with subduction zone activity, such as tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Scientists also study subduction zones to learn more about the Earth's deep interior and the processes that shape the planet's surface.